Merged mode dependent intra smoothing (MDIS) and intra interpolation filter switching with position dependent intra prediction combination (PDPC)

ABSTRACT

A video decoder may be configured to determine that a block of video data is coded using an intra prediction mode with position dependent intra prediction combination (PDPC); in response to the intra prediction mode being a particular intra prediction mode, apply a first filter to a first sample in a first reference line to obtain a first PDPC reference sample value; in response to the intra prediction mode being the particular intra prediction mode, apply a second filter to a second sample in a second reference line to obtain a second PDPC reference sample value; determine a predicted reference sample value based on the intra prediction mode; predict a sample of the block of video data based on the predicted reference sample value, the first PDPC reference sample value, and the second PDPC reference sample value.

This Application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application 62/694,932 filed 6 Jul. 2018, the entire content of which is hereby incorporated by reference.

TECHNICAL FIELD

This disclosure relates to video encoding and video decoding.

BACKGROUND

Digital video capabilities can be incorporated into a wide range of devices, including digital televisions, digital direct broadcast systems, wireless broadcast systems, personal digital assistants (PDAs), laptop or desktop computers, tablet computers, e-book readers, digital cameras, digital recording devices, digital media players, video gaming devices, video game consoles, cellular or satellite radio telephones, so-called “smart phones,” video teleconferencing devices, video streaming devices, and the like. Digital video devices implement video coding techniques, such as those described in the standards defined by MPEG-2, MPEG-4, ITU-T H.263, ITU-T H.264/MPEG-4, Part 10, Advanced Video Coding (AVC), the High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) standard, ITU-T H.265/High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC), and extensions of such standards. The video devices may transmit, receive, encode, decode, and/or store digital video information more efficiently by implementing such video coding techniques.

Video coding techniques include spatial (intra-picture) prediction and/or temporal (inter-picture) prediction to reduce or remove redundancy inherent in video sequences. For block-based video coding, a video slice (e.g., a video picture or a portion of a video picture) may be partitioned into video blocks, which may also be referred to as coding tree units (CTUs), coding units (CUs) and/or coding nodes. Video blocks in an intra-coded (I) slice of a picture are encoded using spatial prediction with respect to reference samples in neighboring blocks in the same picture. Video blocks in an inter-coded (P or B) slice of a picture may use spatial prediction with respect to reference samples in neighboring blocks in the same picture or temporal prediction with respect to reference samples in other reference pictures. Pictures may be referred to as frames, and reference pictures may be referred to as reference frames.

SUMMARY

In general, this disclosure describes techniques related to intra predicting a block of video data. More specifically, this disclosure describes techniques related to intra prediction using position dependent (intra) prediction combination (PDPC), as well as techniques for merge mode dependent intra smoothing (MDIS) and interpolation filter switching.

According to one example, a method of decoding video data includes determining that a block of video data is coded using an intra prediction mode with position dependent intra prediction combination (PDPC); in response to the intra prediction mode being a particular intra prediction mode, applying a first filter to a first sample in a first reference line to obtain a first PDPC reference sample value; in response to the intra prediction mode being the particular intra prediction mode, applying a second filter to a second sample in a second reference line to obtain a second PDPC reference sample value; determining a predicted reference sample value based on the intra prediction mode; and predicting a sample of the block of video data based on the predicted reference sample value, the first PDPC reference sample value, and the second PDPC reference sample value.

According to another example, a device for decoding video data includes a memory configured to store video data and one or more processors implemented in circuitry and configured to determine that a block of video data is coded using an intra prediction mode with position dependent intra prediction combination (PDPC); in response to the intra prediction mode being a particular intra prediction mode, apply a first filter to a first sample in a first reference line to obtain a first PDPC reference sample value; in response to the intra prediction mode being the particular intra prediction mode, apply a second filter to a second sample in a second reference line to obtain a second PDPC reference sample value; determine a predicted reference sample value based on the intra prediction mode; and predict a sample of the block of video data based on the predicted reference sample value, the first PDPC reference sample value, and the second PDPC reference sample value.

According to another example, a computer-readable storage medium stores instructions that when executed by one or more processors cause the one or more processors to determine that a block of video data is coded using an intra prediction mode with position dependent intra prediction combination (PDPC); in response to the intra prediction mode being a particular intra prediction mode, apply a first filter to a first sample in a first reference line to obtain a first PDPC reference sample value; in response to the intra prediction mode being the particular intra prediction mode, apply a second filter to a second sample in a second reference line to obtain a second PDPC reference sample value; determine a predicted reference sample value based on the intra prediction mode; and predict a sample of the block of video data based on the predicted reference sample value, the first PDPC reference sample value, and the second PDPC reference sample value.

According to another example, an apparatus for decoding video data includes means for determining that a block of video data is coded using an intra prediction mode with position dependent intra prediction combination (PDPC); means for applying a first filter to a first sample in a first reference line to obtain a first PDPC reference sample value in response to the intra prediction mode being a particular intra prediction mode; means for applying a second filter to a second sample in a second reference line to obtain a second PDPC reference sample value in response to the intra prediction mode being the particular intra prediction mode; means for determining a predicted reference sample value based on the intra prediction mode; and means for predicting a sample of the block of video data based on the predicted reference sample value, the first PDPC reference sample value, and the second PDPC reference sample value.

The details of one or more examples are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features, objects, and advantages will be apparent from the description, drawings, and claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an example video encoding and decoding system that may perform the techniques of this disclosure.

FIGS. 2A and 2B are conceptual diagrams illustrating an example quadtree binary tree (QTBT) structure, and a corresponding coding tree unit (CTU).

FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating an example video encoder that may perform the techniques of this disclosure.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating an example video decoder that may perform the techniques of this disclosure.

FIGS. 5A and 5B are conceptual diagrams illustrating intra prediction concepts using multiple reference lines (MRL) and position dependent intra prediction combination (PDPC), in accordance with the techniques of this disclosure.

FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating an example process for encoding a current block.

FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating an example process for decoding a current block.

FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating an example process for decoding a current block in accordance with one or more examples of the disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Various video coding standards, including the recently developed High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) standard and the versatile video coding (VVC) standard presently under development, include predictive coding modes for video blocks, where a block currently being coded (i.e., encoded or decoded) is predicted based on an already coded block of video data. In an intra prediction mode, the current block is predicted based on one or more previously coded, neighboring blocks in the same picture as the current block, while in an inter prediction mode the current block is predicted based on an already coded block in a different picture. In inter prediction mode, the process of determining a block of a previously coded frame to use as a predictive block is sometimes referred to as motion estimation, which is generally performed by a video encoder, and the process of identifying and retrieving a predictive block is sometimes referred to as motion compensation, which is performed by both video encoders and video decoders.

To generate the predictive block using intra prediction, the video coder (i.e., video encoder or video decoder) may determine values of samples of the predictive block based on a set of reference samples. The set of reference samples may include samples of the current picture that are in a column left of the current block and samples of the current picture that are in a row above the current block. The video coder uses the reference samples to determine the values of the samples of the predictive block in different ways depending on an intra prediction mode of the predictive block. Earlier implementations of intra prediction only used the row or column of samples immediately adjacent to the block being coded. Newer implementations of intra prediction, however, may utilize multiple reference lines and, additionally or alternatively, may also use lines that are not immediately adjacent to the block being coded.

Prior to determining the values of the samples of the predictive block based on the set of reference samples, the video coder may apply a filter to the reference samples. Applying the filter to the reference samples may improve compression efficiency. Multiple techniques have been developed for applying various types of filters to the reference samples. For example, Mode Dependent Intra Smoothing (MDIS) is one technique for applying filters to the reference samples. In MDIS, the video coder may determine whether to apply any filters to the reference samples depending on the intra prediction mode and the size of the predictive block. Additionally, if the video coder makes the determination to apply a filter to the reference pictures, the video coder may apply different filters to the reference samples depending on the intra prediction mode and the size of the predictive block. The video coder may store both the original unfiltered reference samples (e.g., for the purpose of outputting the reference samples or reuse in prediction of other blocks) and may need to store the filtered reference samples.

In addition to applying a filter to the reference samples as part of performing MDIS, the video coder may apply an interpolation filter to the reference samples. The video coder applies the interpolation filter to integer reference samples to determine values of reference samples between the integer reference samples. The integer reference samples are reference samples at integer-valued coordinates within the current picture. The video coder may use the interpolated reference samples to determine values of samples in the predictive block. When applying an interpolation filter, the video coder may apply a set of weights to the integer reference samples. There may be different weights for different sub-integer positions.

Moreover, the video coder may be configured to apply different types of interpolation filters in different circumstances. For instance, the video coder may be configured to apply a cubic interpolation filter in some circumstances and a Gaussian interpolation filter in other circumstances. Like the filter applied as part of performing MDIS, the Gaussian interpolation filter may provide a smoothing effect. Thus, the video coder in effect may apply two smoothing filter operations consecutively. A smoothing filter is a lowpass filter that passes signals which are lower than a cutoff frequency. A non-smoothing filter is an all-pass filter or a filter with a cutoff frequency cutoff that is higher than the cutoff frequency of the smoothing filter.

The cubic interpolation filter may contain negative tap coefficients, which may lead to out-of-range values. When multiple reference lines ae used, the video coder may apply a cubic filter to more than one line and obtain a reference sample by combining (e.g. weighted average) the filtered samples from each line. In such cases, performing a clipping operation after combining the samples may result in amplifying errors that may occur due to out-of-range values.

The video coder may additionally use position dependent intra prediction combination (PDPC) to intra predict a block. In PDPC, the video coder determines the values for samples from the top reference line and the left reference line (referred to as PDPC reference samples) and uses a weighted average of the PDPC reference samples with the sample obtained from the intra prediction mode to achieve better compression efficiency. This disclosure describes techniques for controlling whether or not to perform filtering in conjunction with intra prediction and PDPC. The techniques of this disclosure, which dissociate the use of filtering of PDPC reference samples from the filtering of the reference samples used for regular intra prediction, may improve overall video coding quality and efficiency.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an example video encoding and decoding system 100 that may perform the intra-prediction related techniques of this disclosure. The techniques of this disclosure are generally directed to coding (encoding and/or decoding) video data are more specifically directed to intra prediction using PDPC. In general, video data includes any data for processing a video. Thus, video data may include raw, uncoded video, encoded video, decoded (e.g., reconstructed) video, and video metadata, such as signaling data.

As shown in FIG. 1, system 100 includes a source device 102 that provides encoded video data to be decoded and displayed by a destination device 116, in this example. In particular, source device 102 provides the video data to destination device 116 via a computer-readable medium 110. Source device 102 and destination device 116 may comprise any of a wide range of devices, including desktop computers, notebook (i.e., laptop) computers, tablet computers, set-top boxes, telephone handsets such smartphones, televisions, cameras, display devices, digital media players, video gaming consoles, video streaming device, or the like. In some cases, source device 102 and destination device 116 may be equipped for wireless communication, and thus may be referred to as wireless communication devices.

In the example of FIG. 1, source device 102 includes video source 104, memory 106, video encoder 200, and output interface 108. Destination device 116 includes input interface 122, video decoder 300, memory 120, and display device 118. In accordance with this disclosure, video encoder 200 of source device 102 and video decoder 300 of destination device 116 may be configured to apply the techniques for performing a clipping operation on each respective samples from each reference line, either before or after a filter is applied. Thus, source device 102 represents an example of a video encoding device, while destination device 116 represents an example of a video decoding device. In other examples, a source device and a destination device may include other components or arrangements. For example, source device 102 may receive video data from an external video source, such as an external camera. Likewise, destination device 116 may interface with an external display device, rather than including an integrated display device.

System 100 as shown in FIG. 1 is merely one example. In general, any digital video encoding and/or decoding device may perform techniques for performing a clipping operation on each respective samples from each reference line, either before or after a filter is applied. Source device 102 and destination device 116 are merely examples of such coding devices in which source device 102 generates coded video data for transmission to destination device 116. This disclosure refers to a “coding” device as a device that performs coding (encoding and/or decoding) of data. Thus, video encoder 200 and video decoder 300 represent examples of coding devices, in particular, a video encoder and a video decoder, respectively. In some examples, devices 102, 116 may operate in a substantially symmetrical manner such that each of devices 102, 116 include video encoding and decoding components. Hence, system 100 may support one-way or two-way video transmission between video devices 102, 116, e.g., for video streaming, video playback, video broadcasting, or video telephony.

In general, video source 104 represents a source of video data (i.e., raw, uncoded video data) and provides a sequential series of pictures (also referred to as “frames”) of the video data to video encoder 200, which encodes data for the pictures. Video source 104 of source device 102 may include a video capture device, such as a video camera, a video archive containing previously captured raw video, and/or a video feed interface to receive video from a video content provider. As a further alternative, video source 104 may generate computer graphics-based data as the source video, or a combination of live video, archived video, and computer-generated video. In each case, video encoder 200 encodes the captured, pre-captured, or computer-generated video data. Video encoder 200 may rearrange the pictures from the received order (sometimes referred to as “display order”) into a coding order for coding. Video encoder 200 may generate a bitstream including encoded video data. Source device 102 may then output the encoded video data via output interface 108 onto computer-readable medium 110 for reception and/or retrieval by, e.g., input interface 122 of destination device 116.

Memory 106 of source device 102 and memory 120 of destination device 116 represent general purpose memories. In some example, memories 106, 120 may store raw video data, e.g., raw video from video source 104 and raw, decoded video data from video decoder 300. Additionally or alternatively, memories 106, 120 may store software instructions executable by, e.g., video encoder 200 and video decoder 300, respectively. Although shown separately from video encoder 200 and video decoder 300 in this example, it should be understood that video encoder 200 and video decoder 300 may also include internal memories for functionally similar or equivalent purposes. Furthermore, memories 106, 120 may store encoded video data, e.g., output from video encoder 200 and input to video decoder 300. In some examples, portions of memories 106, 120 may be allocated as one or more video buffers, e.g., to store raw, decoded, and/or encoded video data.

Computer-readable medium 110 may represent any type of medium or device capable of transporting the encoded video data from source device 102 to destination device 116. In one example, computer-readable medium 110 represents a communication medium to enable source device 102 to transmit encoded video data directly to destination device 116 in real-time, e.g., via a radio frequency network or computer-based network. Output interface 108 may modulate a transmission signal including the encoded video data, and input interface 122 may modulate the received transmission signal, according to a communication standard, such as a wireless communication protocol. The communication medium may comprise any wireless or wired communication medium, such as a radio frequency (RF) spectrum or one or more physical transmission lines. The communication medium may form part of a packet-based network, such as a local area network, a wide-area network, or a global network such as the Internet. The communication medium may include routers, switches, base stations, or any other equipment that may be useful to facilitate communication from source device 102 to destination device 116.

In some examples, source device 102 may output encoded data from output interface 108 to storage device 116. Similarly, destination device 116 may access encoded data from storage device 116 via input interface 122. Storage device 116 may include any of a variety of distributed or locally accessed data storage media such as a hard drive, Blu-ray discs, DVDs, CD-ROMs, flash memory, volatile or non-volatile memory, or any other suitable digital storage media for storing encoded video data.

In some examples, source device 102 may output encoded video data to file server 114 or another intermediate storage device that may store the encoded video generated by source device 102. Destination device 116 may access stored video data from file server 114 via streaming or download. File server 114 may be any type of server device capable of storing encoded video data and transmitting that encoded video data to the destination device 116. File server 114 may represent a web server (e.g., for a website), a File Transfer Protocol (FTP) server, a content delivery network device, or a network attached storage (NAS) device. Destination device 116 may access encoded video data from file server 114 through any standard data connection, including an Internet connection. This may include a wireless channel (e.g., a Wi-Fi connection), a wired connection (e.g., DSL, cable modem, etc.), or a combination of both that is suitable for accessing encoded video data stored on file server 114. File server 114 and input interface 122 may be configured to operate according to a streaming transmission protocol, a download transmission protocol, or a combination thereof.

Output interface 108 and input interface 122 may represent wireless transmitters/receiver, modems, wired networking components (e.g., Ethernet cards), wireless communication components that operate according to any of a variety of IEEE 802.11 standards, or other physical components. In examples where output interface 108 and input interface 122 comprise wireless components, output interface 108 and input interface 122 may be configured to transfer data, such as encoded video data, according to a cellular communication standard, such as 4G, 4G-LTE (Long-Term Evolution), LTE Advanced, 5G, or the like. In some examples where output interface 108 comprises a wireless transmitter, output interface 108 and input interface 122 may be configured to transfer data, such as encoded video data, according to other wireless standards, such as an IEEE 802.11 specification, an IEEE 802.15 specification (e.g., ZigBee™), a Bluetooth™ standard, or the like. In some examples, source device 102 and/or destination device 116 may include respective system-on-a-chip (SoC) devices. For example, source device 102 may include an SoC device to perform the functionality attributed to video encoder 200 and/or output interface 108, and destination device 116 may include an SoC device to perform the functionality attributed to video decoder 300 and/or input interface 122.

The techniques of this disclosure may be applied to video coding in support of any of a variety of multimedia applications, such as over-the-air television broadcasts, cable television transmissions, satellite television transmissions, Internet streaming video transmissions, such as dynamic adaptive streaming over HTTP (DASH), digital video that is encoded onto a data storage medium, decoding of digital video stored on a data storage medium, or other applications.

Input interface 122 of destination device 116 receives an encoded video bitstream from computer-readable medium 110 (e.g., storage device 112, file server 114, or the like). The encoded video bitstream computer-readable medium 110 may include signaling information defined by video encoder 200, which is also used by video decoder 300, such as syntax elements having values that describe characteristics and/or processing of video blocks or other coded units (e.g., slices, pictures, groups of pictures, sequences, or the like). Display device 118 displays decoded pictures of the decoded video data to a user. Display device 118 may represent any of a variety of display devices such as a cathode ray tube (CRT), a liquid crystal display (LCD), a plasma display, an organic light emitting diode (OLED) display, or another type of display device.

Although not shown in FIG. 1, in some examples, video encoder 200 and video decoder 300 may each be integrated with an audio encoder and/or audio decoder, and may include appropriate MUX-DEMUX units, or other hardware and/or software, to handle multiplexed streams including both audio and video in a common data stream. If applicable, MUX-DEMUX units may conform to the ITU H.223 multiplexer protocol, or other protocols such as the user datagram protocol (UDP).

Video encoder 200 and video decoder 300 each may be implemented as any of a variety of suitable encoder and/or decoder circuitry, such as one or more microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), discrete logic, software, hardware, firmware or any combinations thereof. When the techniques are implemented partially in software, a device may store instructions for the software in a suitable, non-transitory computer-readable medium and execute the instructions in hardware using one or more processors to perform the techniques of this disclosure. Each of video encoder 200 and video decoder 300 may be included in one or more encoders or decoders, either of which may be integrated as part of a combined encoder/decoder (CODEC) in a respective device. A device including video encoder 200 and/or video decoder 300 may comprise an integrated circuit, a microprocessor, and/or a wireless communication device, such as a cellular telephone.

Video encoder 200 and video decoder 300 may operate according to a video coding standard, such as ITU-T H.265, also referred to as High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) or extensions thereto, such as the multi-view and/or scalable video coding extensions. Alternatively, video encoder 200 and video decoder 300 may operate according to other proprietary or industry standards, such as the Joint Exploration Test Model (JEM). The techniques of this disclosure, however, are not limited to any particular coding standard.

In general, video encoder 200 and video decoder 300 may perform block-based coding of pictures. The term “block” generally refers to a structure including data to be processed (e.g., encoded, decoded, or otherwise used in the encoding and/or decoding process). For example, a block may include a two-dimensional matrix of samples of luminance and/or chrominance data. In general, video encoder 200 and video decoder 300 may code video data represented in a YUV (e.g., Y, Cb, Cr) format. That is, rather than coding red, green, and blue (RGB) data for samples of a picture, video encoder 200 and video decoder 300 may code luminance and chrominance components, where the chrominance components may include both red hue and blue hue chrominance components. In some examples, video encoder 200 converts received RGB formatted data to a YUV representation prior to encoding, and video decoder 300 converts the YUV representation to the RGB format. Alternatively, pre- and post-processing units (not shown) may perform these conversions.

This disclosure may generally refer to coding (e.g., encoding and decoding) of pictures to include the process of encoding or decoding data of the picture. Similarly, this disclosure may refer to coding of blocks of a picture to include the process of encoding or decoding data for the blocks, e.g., prediction and/or residual coding. An encoded video bitstream generally includes a series of values for syntax elements representative of coding decisions (e.g., coding modes) and partitioning of pictures into blocks. Thus, references to coding a picture or a block should generally be understood as coding values for syntax elements forming the picture or block.

HEVC defines various blocks, including coding units (CUs), prediction units (PUs), and transform units (TUs). According to HEVC, a video coder (such as video encoder 200) partitions a coding tree unit (CTU) into CUs according to a quadtree structure. That is, the video coder partitions CTUs and CUs into four equal, non-overlapping squares, and each node of the quadtree has either zero or four child nodes. Nodes without child nodes may be referred to as “leaf nodes,” and CUs of such leaf nodes may include one or more PUs and/or one or more TUs. The video coder may further partition PUs and TUs. For example, in HEVC, a residual quadtree (RQT) represents partitioning of TUs. In HEVC, PUs represent inter-prediction data, while TUs represent residual data. CUs that are intra-predicted include intra-prediction information, such as an intra-mode indication.

As another example, video encoder 200 and video decoder 300 may be configured to operate according to JEM. According to JEM, a video coder (such as video encoder 200) partitions a picture into a plurality of coding tree units (CTUs). Video encoder 200 may partition a CTU according to a tree structure, such as a quadtree-binary tree (QTBT) structure. The QTBT structure of JEM removes the concepts of multiple partition types, such as the separation between CUs, PUs, and TUs of HEVC. A QTBT structure of JEM includes two levels: a first level partitioned according to quadtree partitioning, and a second level partitioned according to binary tree partitioning. A root node of the QTBT structure corresponds to a CTU. Leaf nodes of the binary trees correspond to coding units (CUs).

In some examples, video encoder 200 and video decoder 300 may use a single QTBT structure to represent each of the luminance and chrominance components, while in other examples, video encoder 200 and video decoder 300 may use two or more QTBT structures, such as one QTBT structure for the luminance component and another QTBT structure for both chrominance components (or two QTBT structures for respective chrominance components).

Video encoder 200 and video decoder 300 may be configured to use quadtree partitioning per HEVC, QTBT partitioning according to JEM, or other partitioning structures. For purposes of explanation, the description of the techniques of this disclosure is presented with respect to QTBT partitioning. However, it should be understood that the techniques of this disclosure may also be applied to video coders configured to use quadtree partitioning, or other types of partitioning as well.

This disclosure may use “N×N” and “N by N” interchangeably to refer to the sample dimensions of a block (such as a CU or other video block) in terms of vertical and horizontal dimensions, e.g., 16×16 samples or 16 by 16 samples. In general, a 16×16 CU will have 16 samples in a vertical direction (y=16) and 16 samples in a horizontal direction (x=16). Likewise, an N×N CU generally has N samples in a vertical direction and N samples in a horizontal direction, where N represents a nonnegative integer value. The samples in a CU may be arranged in rows and columns. Moreover, CUs need not necessarily have the same number of samples in the horizontal direction as in the vertical direction. For example, CUs may comprise N×M samples, where M is not necessarily equal to N.

Video encoder 200 encodes video data for CUs representing prediction and/or residual information, and other information. The prediction information indicates how the CU is to be predicted in order to form a prediction block for the CU. The residual information generally represents sample-by-sample differences between samples of the CU prior to encoding and the prediction block.

To predict a CU, video encoder 200 may generally form a prediction block for the CU through inter-prediction or intra-prediction. Inter-prediction generally refers to predicting the CU from data of a previously coded picture, whereas intra-prediction generally refers to predicting the CU from previously coded data of the same picture. To perform inter-prediction, video encoder 200 may generate the prediction block using one or more motion vectors. Video encoder 200 may generally perform a motion search to identify a reference block that closely matches the CU, e.g., in terms of differences between the CU and the reference block. Video encoder 200 may calculate a difference metric using a sum of absolute difference (SAD), sum of squared differences (SSD), mean absolute difference (MAD), mean squared differences (MSD), or other such difference calculations to determine whether a reference block closely matches the current CU. In some examples, video encoder 200 may predict the current CU using uni-directional prediction or bi-directional prediction.

JEM also provides an affine motion compensation mode, which may be considered an inter-prediction mode. In affine motion compensation mode, video encoder 200 may determine two or more motion vectors that represent non-translational motion, such as zoom in or out, rotation, perspective motion, or other irregular motion types.

To perform intra-prediction, video encoder 200 may select an intra-prediction mode to generate the prediction block. JEM provides sixty-seven intra-prediction modes, including various directional modes, as well as planar mode and DC mode. In general, video encoder 200 selects an intra-prediction mode that describes neighboring samples to a current block (e.g., a block of a CU) from which to predict samples of the current block. Such samples may generally be above, above and to the left, or to the left of the current block in the same picture as the current block, assuming video encoder 200 codes CTUs and CUs in raster scan order (left to right, top to bottom).

Video encoder 200 encodes data representing the prediction mode for a current block. For example, for inter-prediction modes, video encoder 200 may encode data representing which of the various available inter-prediction modes is used, as well as motion information for the corresponding mode. For uni-directional or bi-directional inter-prediction, for example, video encoder 200 may encode motion vectors using advanced motion vector prediction (AMVP) or merge mode. Video encoder 200 may use similar modes to encode motion vectors for affine motion compensation mode.

Following prediction, such as intra-prediction or inter-prediction of a block, video encoder 200 may calculate residual data for the block. The residual data, such as a residual block, represents sample by sample differences between the block and a prediction block for the block, formed using the corresponding prediction mode. Video encoder 200 may apply one or more transforms to the residual block, to produce transformed data in a transform domain instead of the sample domain. For example, video encoder 200 may apply a discrete cosine transform (DCT), an integer transform, a wavelet transform, or a conceptually similar transform to residual video data. Additionally, video encoder 200 may apply a secondary transform following the first transform, such as a mode-dependent non-separable secondary transform (MDNSST), a signal dependent transform, a Karhunen-Loeve transform (KLT), or the like. Video encoder 200 produces transform coefficients following application of the one or more transforms.

As noted above, following any transforms to produce transform coefficients, video encoder 200 may perform quantization of the transform coefficients. Quantization generally refers to a process in which transform coefficients are quantized to possibly reduce the amount of data used to represent the coefficients, providing further compression. By performing the quantization process, video encoder 200 may reduce the bit depth associated with some or all of the coefficients. For example, video encoder 200 may round an n-bit value down to an m-bit value during quantization, where n is greater than m. In some examples, to perform quantization, video encoder 200 may perform a bitwise right-shift of the value to be quantized.

Following quantization, video encoder 200 may scan the transform coefficients, producing a one-dimensional vector from the two-dimensional matrix including the quantized transform coefficients. The scan may be designed to place higher energy (and therefore lower frequency) coefficients at the front of the vector and to place lower energy (and therefore higher frequency) transform coefficients at the back of the vector. In some examples, video encoder 200 may utilize a predefined scan order to scan the quantized transform coefficients to produce a serialized vector, and then entropy encode the quantized transform coefficients of the vector. In other examples, video encoder 200 may perform an adaptive scan. After scanning the quantized transform coefficients to form the one-dimensional vector, video encoder 200 may entropy encode the one-dimensional vector, e.g., according to context-adaptive binary arithmetic coding (CABAC). Video encoder 200 may also entropy encode values for syntax elements describing metadata associated with the encoded video data for use by video decoder 300 in decoding the video data.

To perform CABAC, video encoder 200 may assign a context within a context model to a symbol to be transmitted. The context may relate to, for example, whether neighboring values of the symbol are zero-valued or not. The probability determination may be based on a context assigned to the symbol.

Video encoder 200 may further generate syntax data, such as block-based syntax data, picture-based syntax data, and sequence-based syntax data, to video decoder 300, e.g., in a picture header, a block header, a slice header, or other syntax data, such as a sequence parameter set (SPS), picture parameter set (PPS), or video parameter set (VPS). Video decoder 300 may likewise decode such syntax data to determine how to decode corresponding video data.

In this manner, video encoder 200 may generate a bitstream including encoded video data, e.g., syntax elements describing partitioning of a picture into blocks (e.g., CUs) and prediction and/or residual information for the blocks. Ultimately, video decoder 300 may receive the bitstream and decode the encoded video data.

In general, video decoder 300 performs a reciprocal process to that performed by video encoder 200 to decode the encoded video data of the bitstream. For example, video decoder 300 may decode values for syntax elements of the bitstream using CABAC in a manner substantially similar to, albeit reciprocal to, the CABAC encoding process of video encoder 200. The syntax elements may define partitioning information of a picture into CTUs, and partitioning of each CTU according to a corresponding partition structure, such as a QTBT structure, to define CUs of the CTU. The syntax elements may further define prediction and residual information for blocks (e.g., CUs) of video data.

The residual information may be represented by, for example, quantized transform coefficients. Video decoder 300 may inverse quantize and inverse transform the quantized transform coefficients of a block to reproduce a residual block for the block. Video decoder 300 uses a signaled prediction mode (intra- or inter-prediction) and related prediction information (e.g., motion information for inter-prediction) to form a prediction block for the block. Video decoder 300 may then combine the prediction block and the residual block (on a sample-by-sample basis) to reproduce the original block. Video decoder 300 may perform additional processing, such as performing a deblocking process to reduce visual artifacts along boundaries of the block.

In accordance with the techniques of this disclosure, video decoder 300 may determine that a block if video data is coded using an intra prediction mode. Video decoder 300 may also filter a sample of a block of video data to determine a filtered value. Video decoder 300 may further determine that the filtered value comprises an out-of-range value. In response to determining that the filtered value comprises the out-of-range value, video decoder 300 may perform a clipping operation on the out-of-range value.

In accordance with the techniques of this disclosure, video decoder 300 may determine that a block of video data is coded using an intra prediction mode with PDPC and predict the block of video data using unfiltered reference samples as PDPC-reference samples.

In accordance with the techniques of this disclosure, video decoder 300 may determine that a block of video data is coded using an intra prediction mode with PDPC. Video decoder 300 may, in response to the intra prediction mode being a particular intra prediction mode, filter reference samples and predict the block of video data using the filtered reference samples as PDPC-reference samples.

In accordance with the techniques of this disclosure, video decoder 300 may determine that a block of video data is coded using an intra prediction mode with PDPC. Video decoder 300 may further determine whether to filter reference samples based on one or more criteria. In response to determining to filter the reference samples, video decoder 300 may predict the block of video data using filtered reference samples as PDPC-reference samples.

In accordance with the techniques of this disclosure, video decoder 300 may determine that a block of video data is coded using an intra prediction mode with PDPC. Video decoder 300 may also apply a first filter to obtain PDPC-reference samples and apply a second filter to obtain reference samples for prediction, wherein the first filter is a different filter than the second filter.

In accordance with the techniques of this disclosure, video encoder 200 may perform any of the above techniques performed by video decoder 300 as part of a decoding loop of a video encoding process.

This disclosure may generally refer to “signaling” certain information, such as syntax elements. The term “signaling” may generally refer to the communication of values syntax elements and/or other data used to decode encoded video data. That is, video encoder 200 may signal values for syntax elements in the bitstream. In general, signaling refers to generating a value in the bitstream. As noted above, source device 102 may transport the bitstream to destination device 116 substantially in real time, or not in real time, such as might occur when storing syntax elements to storage device 112 for later retrieval by destination device 116.

FIGS. 2A and 2B are conceptual diagram illustrating an example quadtree binary tree (QTBT) structure 130, and a corresponding coding tree unit (CTU) 132. The solid lines represent quadtree splitting, and dotted lines indicate binary tree splitting. In each split (i.e., non-leaf) node of the binary tree, one flag is signaled to indicate which splitting type (i.e., horizontal or vertical) is used, where 0 indicates horizontal splitting and 1 indicates vertical splitting in this example. For the quadtree splitting, there is no need to indicate the splitting type, since quadtree nodes split a block horizontally and vertically into 4 sub-blocks with equal size. Accordingly, video encoder 200 may encode, and video decoder 300 may decode, syntax elements (such as splitting information) for a region tree level of QTBT structure 130 (i.e., the solid lines) and syntax elements (such as splitting information) for a prediction tree level of QTBT structure 130 (i.e., the dashed lines). Video encoder 200 may encode, and video decoder 300 may decode, video data, such as prediction and transform data, for CUs represented by terminal leaf nodes of QTBT structure 130.

In general, CTU 132 of FIG. 2B may be associated with parameters defining sizes of blocks corresponding to nodes of QTBT structure 130 at the first and second levels. These parameters may include a CTU size (representing a size of CTU 132 in samples), a minimum quadtree size (MinQTSize, representing a minimum allowed quadtree leaf node size), a maximum binary tree size (MaxBTSize, representing a maximum allowed binary tree root node size), a maximum binary tree depth (MaxBTDepth, representing a maximum allowed binary tree depth), and a minimum binary tree size (MinBTSize, representing the minimum allowed binary tree leaf node size).

The root node of a QTBT structure corresponding to a CTU may have four child nodes at the first level of the QTBT structure, each of which may be partitioned according to quadtree partitioning. That is, nodes of the first level are either leaf nodes (having no child nodes) or have four child nodes. The example of QTBT structure 130 represents such nodes as including the parent node and child nodes having solid lines for branches. If nodes of the first level are not larger than the maximum allowed binary tree root node size (MaxBTSize), then the nodes can be further partitioned by respective binary trees. The binary tree splitting of one node can be iterated until the nodes resulting from the split reach the minimum allowed binary tree leaf node size (MinBTSize) or the maximum allowed binary tree depth (MaxBTDepth). The example of QTBT structure 130 represents such nodes as having dashed lines for branches. The binary tree leaf node is referred to as a coding unit (CU), which is used for prediction (e.g., intra-picture or inter-picture prediction) and transform, without any further partitioning. As discussed above, CUs may also be referred to as “video blocks” or “blocks.”

In one example of the QTBT partitioning structure, the CTU size is set as 128×128 (luma samples and two corresponding 64×64 chroma samples), the MinQTSize is set as 16×16, the MaxBTSize is set as 64×64, the MinBTSize (for both width and height) is set as 4, and the MaxBTDepth is set as 4. The quadtree partitioning is applied to the CTU first to generate quad-tree leaf nodes. The quadtree leaf nodes may have a size from 16×16 (i.e., the MinQTSize) to 128×128 (i.e., the CTU size). If the leaf quadtree node is 128×128, it will not be further split by the binary tree, since the size exceeds the MaxBTSize (i.e., 64×64, in this example). Otherwise, the leaf quadtree node will be further partitioned by the binary tree. Therefore, the quadtree leaf node is also the root node for the binary tree and has the binary tree depth as 0. When the binary tree depth reaches MaxBTDepth (4, in this example), no further splitting is permitted. When the binary tree node has width equal to MinBTSize (4, in this example), it implies no further horizontal splitting is permitted. Similarly, a binary tree node having a height equal to MinBTSize implies no further vertical splitting is permitted for that binary tree node. As noted above, leaf nodes of the binary tree are referred to as CUs and are further processed according to prediction and transform without further partitioning.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating an example video encoder 200 that may perform the techniques of this disclosure. FIG. 3 is provided for purposes of explanation and should not be considered limiting of the techniques as broadly exemplified and described in this disclosure. For purposes of explanation, this disclosure describes video encoder 200 in the context of video coding standards such as the HEVC video coding standard and the H.266 video coding standard in development. However, the techniques of this disclosure are not limited to these video coding standards, and are applicable generally to video encoding and decoding.

In the example of FIG. 3, video encoder 200 includes video data memory 230, mode selection unit 202, residual generation unit 204, transform processing unit 206, quantization unit 208, inverse quantization unit 210, inverse transform processing unit 212, reconstruction unit 214, filter unit 216, decoded picture buffer (DPB) 218, and entropy encoding unit 220.

Video data memory 230 may store video data to be encoded by the components of video encoder 200. Video encoder 200 may receive the video data stored in video data memory 230 from, for example, video source 104 (FIG. 1). DPB 218 may act as a reference picture memory that stores reference video data for use in prediction of subsequent video data by video encoder 200. Video data memory 230 and DPB 218 may be formed by any of a variety of memory devices, such as dynamic random access memory (DRAM), including synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), magnetoresistive RAM (MRAM), resistive RAM (RRAM), or other types of memory devices. Video data memory 230 and DPB 218 may be provided by the same memory device or separate memory devices. In various examples, video data memory 230 may be on-chip with other components of video encoder 200, as illustrated, or off-chip relative to those components.

In this disclosure, reference to video data memory 230 should not be interpreted as being limited to memory internal to video encoder 200, unless specifically described as such, or memory external to video encoder 200, unless specifically described as such. Rather, reference to video data memory 230 should be understood as reference memory that stores video data that video encoder 200 receives for encoding (e.g., video data for a current block that is to be encoded). Memory 106 of FIG. 1 may also provide temporary storage of outputs from the various units of video encoder 200.

The various units of FIG. 3 are illustrated to assist with understanding the operations performed by video encoder 200. The units may be implemented as fixed-function circuits, programmable circuits, or a combination thereof. Fixed-function circuits refer to circuits that provide particular functionality, and are preset on the operations that can be performed. Programmable circuits refer to circuits that can programmed to perform various tasks, and provide flexible functionality in the operations that can be performed. For instance, programmable circuits may execute software or firmware that cause the programmable circuits to operate in the manner defined by instructions of the software or firmware. Fixed-function circuits may execute software instructions (e.g., to receive parameters or output parameters), but the types of operations that the fixed-function circuits perform are generally immutable. In some examples, the one or more of the units may be distinct circuit blocks (fixed-function or programmable), and in some examples, the one or more units may be integrated circuits.

Video encoder 200 may include arithmetic logic units (ALUs), elementary function units (EFUs), digital circuits, analog circuits, and/or programmable cores, formed from programmable circuits. In examples where the operations of video encoder 200 are performed using software executed by the programmable circuits, memory 106 (FIG. 1) may store the object code of the software that video encoder 200 receives and executes, or another memory within video encoder 200 (not shown) may store such instructions.

Video data memory 230 is configured to store received video data. Video encoder 200 may retrieve a picture of the video data from video data memory 230 and provide the video data to residual generation unit 204 and mode selection unit 202. Video data in video data memory 230 may be raw video data that is to be encoded.

Mode selection unit 202 includes a motion estimation unit 222, motion compensation unit 224, and an intra-prediction unit 226. Mode selection unit 202 may include additional functional units to perform video prediction in accordance with other prediction modes. As examples, mode selection unit 202 may include a palette unit, an intra-block copy unit (which may be part of motion estimation unit 222 and/or motion compensation unit 224), an affine unit, a linear model (LM) unit, or the like.

Mode selection unit 202 generally coordinates multiple encoding passes to test combinations of encoding parameters and resulting rate-distortion values for such combinations. The encoding parameters may include partitioning of CTUs into CUs, prediction modes for the CUs, transform types for residual data of the CUs, quantization parameters for residual data of the CUs, and so on. Mode selection unit 202 may ultimately select the combination of encoding parameters having rate-distortion values that are better than the other tested combinations.

Video encoder 200 may partition a picture retrieved from video data memory 230 into a series of CTUs, and encapsulate one or more CTUs within a slice. Mode selection unit 210 may partition a CTU of the picture in accordance with a tree structure, such as the QTBT structure or the quad-tree structure of HEVC described above. As described above, video encoder 200 may form one or more CUs from partitioning a CTU according to the tree structure. Such a CU may also be referred to generally as a “video block” or “block.”

In general, mode selection unit 202 also controls the components thereof (e.g., motion estimation unit 222, motion compensation unit 224, and intra-prediction unit 226) to generate a prediction block for a current block (e.g., a current CU, or in HEVC, the overlapping portion of a PU and a TU). For inter-prediction of a current block, motion estimation unit 222 may perform a motion search to identify one or more closely matching reference blocks in one or more reference pictures (e.g., one or more previously coded pictures stored in DPB 218). In particular, motion estimation unit 222 may calculate a value representative of how similar a potential reference block is to the current block, e.g., according to sum of absolute difference (SAD), sum of squared differences (SSD), mean absolute difference (MAD), mean squared differences (MSD), or the like. Motion estimation unit 222 may generally perform these calculations using sample-by-sample differences between the current block and the reference block being considered. Motion estimation unit 222 may identify a reference block having a lowest value resulting from these calculations, indicating a reference block that most closely matches the current block.

Motion estimation unit 222 may form one or more motion vectors (MVs) that defines the positions of the reference blocks in the reference pictures relative to the position of the current block in a current picture. Motion estimation unit 222 may then provide the motion vectors to motion compensation unit 224. For example, for uni-directional inter-prediction, motion estimation unit 222 may provide a single motion vector, whereas for bi-directional inter-prediction, motion estimation unit 222 may provide two motion vectors. Motion compensation unit 224 may then generate a prediction block using the motion vectors. For example, motion compensation unit 224 may retrieve data of the reference block using the motion vector. As another example, if the motion vector has fractional sample precision, motion compensation unit 224 may interpolate values for the prediction block according to one or more interpolation filters. Moreover, for bi-directional inter-prediction, motion compensation unit 224 may retrieve data for two reference blocks identified by respective motion vectors and combine the retrieved data, e.g., through sample-by-sample averaging or weighted averaging.

As another example, for intra-prediction, or intra-prediction coding, intra-prediction unit 226 may generate the prediction block from samples neighboring the current block. For example, for directional modes, intra-prediction unit 226 may generally mathematically combine values of neighboring samples and populate these calculated values in the defined direction across the current block to produce the prediction block. As another example, for DC mode, intra-prediction unit 226 may calculate an average of the neighboring samples to the current block and generate the prediction block to include this resulting average for each sample of the prediction block.

Mode selection unit 202 provides the prediction block to residual generation unit 204. Residual generation unit 204 receives a raw, uncoded version of the current block from video data memory 230 and the prediction block from mode selection unit 202. Residual generation unit 204 calculates sample-by-sample differences between the current block and the prediction block. The resulting sample-by-sample differences define a residual block for the current block. In some examples, residual generation unit 204 may also determine differences between sample values in the residual block to generate a residual block using residual differential pulse code modulation (RDPCM). In some examples, residual generation unit 204 may be formed using one or more subtractor circuits that perform binary subtraction.

In examples where mode selection unit 202 partitions CUs into PUs, each PU may be associated with a luma prediction unit and corresponding chroma prediction units. Video encoder 200 and video decoder 300 may support PUs having various sizes. As indicated above, the size of a CU may refer to the size of the luma coding block of the CU and the size of a PU may refer to the size of a luma prediction unit of the PU. Assuming that the size of a particular CU is 2N×2N, video encoder 200 may support PU sizes of 2N×2N or N×N for intra prediction, and symmetric PU sizes of 2N×2N, 2N×N, N×2N, N×N, or similar for inter prediction. Video encoder 20 and video decoder 30 may also support asymmetric partitioning for PU sizes of 2N×nU, 2N×nD, nL×2N, and nR×2N for inter prediction.

In examples where mode selection unit does not further partition a CU into PUs, each CU may be associated with a luma coding block and corresponding chroma coding blocks. As above, the size of a CU may refer to the size of the luma coding block of the CU. The video encoder 200 and video decoder 120 may support CU sizes of 2N×2N, 2N×N, or N×2N.

For other video coding techniques such as an intra-block copy mode coding, an affine-mode coding, and linear model (LM) mode coding, as few examples, mode selection unit 202, via respective units associated with the coding techniques, generates a prediction block for the current block being encoded. In some examples, such as palette mode coding, mode selection unit 202 may not generate a prediction block, and instead generate syntax elements that indicate the manner in which to reconstruct the block based on a selected palette. In such modes, mode selection unit 202 may provide these syntax elements to entropy encoding unit 220 to be encoded.

As described above, residual generation unit 204 receives the video data for the current block and the corresponding prediction block. Residual generation unit 204 then generates a residual block for the current block. To generate the residual block, residual generation unit 204 calculates sample-by-sample differences between the prediction block and the current block. Thus,

Transform processing unit 206 applies one or more transforms to the residual block to generate a block of transform coefficients (referred to herein as a “transform coefficient block”). Transform processing unit 206 may apply various transforms to a residual block to form the transform coefficient block. For example, transform processing unit 206 may apply a discrete cosine transform (DCT), a directional transform, a Karhunen-Loeve transform (KLT), or a conceptually similar transform to a residual block. In some examples, transform processing unit 206 may perform multiple transforms to a residual block, e.g., a primary transform and a secondary transform, such as a rotational transform. In some examples, transform processing unit 206 does not apply transforms to a residual block.

Quantization unit 208 may quantize the transform coefficients in a transform coefficient block, to produce a quantized transform coefficient block. Quantization unit 208 may quantize transform coefficients of a transform coefficient block according to a quantization parameter (QP) value associated with the current block. Video encoder 200 (e.g., via mode selection unit 202) may adjust the degree of quantization applied to the coefficient blocks associated with the current block by adjusting the QP value associated with the CU. Quantization may introduce loss of information, and thus, quantized transform coefficients may have lower precision than the original transform coefficients produced by transform processing unit 206.

Inverse quantization unit 210 and inverse transform processing unit 212 may apply inverse quantization and inverse transforms to a quantized transform coefficient block, respectively, to reconstruct a residual block from the transform coefficient block. Reconstruction unit 214 may produce a reconstructed block corresponding to the current block (albeit potentially with some degree of distortion) based on the reconstructed residual block and a prediction block generated by mode selection unit 202. For example, reconstruction unit 214 may add samples of the reconstructed residual block to corresponding samples from the prediction block generated by mode selection unit 202 to produce the reconstructed block.

Filter unit 216 may perform one or more filter operations on reconstructed blocks. For example, filter unit 216 may perform deblocking operations to reduce blockiness artifacts along edges of CUs. Operations of filter unit 216 may be skipped, in some examples.

Video encoder 200 stores reconstructed blocks in DPB 218. For instance, in examples where operations of filter unit 224 are not needed, reconstruction unit 214 may store reconstructed blocks to DPB 218. In examples where operations of filter unit 224 are needed, filter unit 216 may store the filtered reconstructed blocks to DPB 218. Motion estimation unit 222 and motion compensation unit 224 may retrieve a reference picture from DPB 218, formed from the reconstructed (and potentially filtered) blocks, to inter-predict blocks of subsequently encoded pictures. In addition, intra-prediction unit 226 may use reconstructed blocks in DPB 218 of a current picture to intra-predict other blocks in the current picture.

In general, entropy encoding unit 220 may entropy encode syntax elements received from other functional components of video encoder 200. For example, entropy encoding unit 220 may entropy encode quantized transform coefficient blocks from quantization unit 208. As another example, entropy encoding unit 220 may entropy encode prediction syntax elements (e.g., motion information for inter-prediction or intra-mode information for intra-prediction) from mode selection unit 202. Entropy encoding unit 220 may perform one or more entropy encoding operations on the syntax elements, which are another example of video data, to generate entropy-encoded data. For example, entropy encoding unit 220 may perform a context-adaptive variable length coding (CAVLC) operation, a CABAC operation, a variable-to-variable (V2V) length coding operation, a syntax-based context-adaptive binary arithmetic coding (SBAC) operation, a Probability Interval Partitioning Entropy (PIPE) coding operation, an Exponential-Golomb encoding operation, or another type of entropy encoding operation on the data. In some examples, entropy encoding unit 220 may operate in bypass mode where syntax elements are not entropy encoded.

Video encoder 200 may output a bitstream that includes the entropy encoded syntax elements needed to reconstruct blocks of a slice or picture. In particular, entropy encoding unit 220 may output the bitstream

The operations described above are described with respect to a block. Such description should be understood as being operations for a luma coding block and/or chroma coding blocks. As described above, in some examples, the luma coding block and chroma coding blocks are luma and chroma components of a CU. In some examples, the luma coding block and the chroma coding blocks are luma and chroma components of a PU.

In some examples, operations performed with respect to a luma coding block need not be repeated for the chroma coding blocks. As one example, operations to identify a motion vector (MV) and reference picture for a luma coding block need not be repeated for identifying a MV and reference picture for the chroma blocks. Rather, the MV for the luma coding block may be scaled to determine the MV for the chroma blocks, and the reference picture may be the same. As another example, the intra-prediction process may be the same for the luma coding blocks and the chroma coding blocks.

Video encoder 200 represents an example of a device configured to encode video data including a memory configured to store video data, and one or more processing units implemented in circuitry and configured to perform any of the techniques of this disclosure as part of a decoding loop of a video encoding process. For instance, in a decoding loop of a video encoding process, video encoder 200 may be configured to determine that a block if video data is coded using an intra prediction mode. Video encoder 200 may also be configured to filter a sample of a block of video data to determine a filtered value. Video encoder 200 may further be configured to determine that the filtered value comprises an out-of-range value. In response to determining that the filtered value comprises the out-of-range value, video encoder 200 may also be configured to perform a clipping operation on the out-of-range value.

In some instances, in determining that the filtered value comprises the out-of-range value, video encoder 200 may be configured to determine that the filtered value is less than 0. Further, in performing the clipping operation on the out-of-range value, video encoder 200 may be configured to set the filtered value to 0.

In some instances, in determining that the filtered value comprises the out-of-range value, video encoder 200 may be configured to determine that the filtered value is greater than a maximum value. Further, in performing the clipping operation on the out-of-range value, video encoder 200 may be configured to set the filtered value to the maximum value.

In some instances, video encoder 200 may be further configured to determine that the block of video data is coded using multiple reference lines for the intra prediction mode. Further, video encoder 200 may be configured to perform the clipping operation for a filtered sample from each line of the multiple reference lines.

In some instances, in filtering the sample, video encoder 200 may be configured to perform cubic filtering on the sample.

In accordance with the techniques of this disclosure, in a decoding loop of a video encoding process, video encoder 200 may be configured to determine that a block of video data is coded using an intra prediction mode PDPC and predict the block of video data using unfiltered reference samples as PDPC-reference samples.

In accordance with the techniques of this disclosure, in a decoding loop of a video encoding process, video encoder 200 may be configured to determine that a block of video data is coded using an intra prediction mode with PDPC. Video encoder 200 may be configured to, in response to the intra prediction mode being a particular intra prediction mode, filter reference samples and predict the block of video data using the filtered reference samples as PDPC-reference samples.

In some instances, the reference samples may be a sample from a line of samples to the left of the block and a sample from a line of samples above the block. In some instances, the intra prediction mode being the particular intra prediction mode may include the intra prediction mode being a planar mode. In some instances, the intra prediction mode being the particular intra prediction mode may include the intra prediction mode belonging to a subset of intra prediction modes, where the subset is fewer than all intra prediction modes supported for the video data.

In accordance with the techniques of this disclosure, in a decoding loop of a video encoding process, video encoder 200 may be configured to determine that a block of video data is coded using an intra prediction mode with PDPC. Video encoder 200 may be configured to further determine whether to filter reference samples based on one or more criteria. In response to determining to filter the reference samples, video encoder 200 may be configured to predict the block of video data using filtered reference samples as PDPC-reference samples.

In some instances, the one or more criteria includes a size of the block, a tree structure for the block, a distance from a block boundary, the block being more than a certain width, the block being more than a certain height, or any combination or permutation thereof.

In accordance with the techniques of this disclosure, in a decoding loop of a video encoding process, video encoder 200 may be configured to determine that a block of video data is coded using an intra prediction mode with PDPC. Video encoder 200 may also be configured to apply a first filter to obtain PDPC-reference samples and apply a second filter to obtain reference samples for prediction, wherein the first filter is a different filter than the second filter.

In some instances, in addition to any of the techniques described above, video encoder 200 may be configured to store the video data in a memory of a wireless communication device, process the video data on one or more processors of the wireless communication device, and transmit the video data from a transmitter of the wireless communication device. In some examples, the wireless communication device may be a telephone handset, and transmitting the video data at the transmitter of the wireless communication device may include modulating, according to a wireless communication standard, a signal comprising the video data.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating an example video decoder 300 that may perform the techniques of this disclosure. FIG. 4 is provided for purposes of explanation and is not limiting on the techniques as broadly exemplified and described in this disclosure. For purposes of explanation, this disclosure describes video decoder 300 is described according to the techniques of JEM and HEVC. However, the techniques of this disclosure may be performed by video coding devices that are configured to other video coding standards.

In the example of FIG. 4, video decoder 300 includes coded picture buffer (CPB) memory 320, entropy decoding unit 302, prediction processing unit 304, inverse quantization unit 306, inverse transform processing unit 308, reconstruction unit 310, filter unit 312, and decoded picture buffer (DPB) 314. Prediction processing unit 304 includes motion compensation unit 316 and intra-prediction unit 318. Prediction processing unit 304 may include addition units to perform prediction in accordance with other prediction modes. As examples, prediction processing unit 304 may include a palette unit, an intra-block copy unit (which may form part of motion compensation unit 318), an affine unit, a linear model (LM) unit, or the like. In other examples, video decoder 300 may include more, fewer, or different functional components.

CPB memory 320 may store video data, such as an encoded video bitstream, to be decoded by the components of video decoder 300. The video data stored in CPB memory 320 may be obtained, for example, from computer-readable medium 110 (FIG. 1). CPB memory 320 may include a CPB that stores encoded video data (e.g., syntax elements) from an encoded video bitstream. Also, CPB memory 320 may store video data other than syntax elements of a coded picture, such as temporary data representing outputs from the various units of video decoder 300. DPB 314 generally stores decoded pictures, which video decoder 300 may output and/or use as reference video data when decoding subsequent data or pictures of the encoded video bitstream. CPB memory 320 and DPB 314 may be formed by any of a variety of memory devices, such as DRAM, including SDRAM, MRAM, RRAM, or other types of memory devices. CPB memory 320 and DPB 314 may be provided by the same memory device or separate memory devices. In various examples, CPB memory 320 may be on-chip with other components of video decoder 300, or off-chip relative to those components.

Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, video decoder 300 may retrieve coded video data from memory 120 (FIG. 1). That is, memory 120 may store data as discussed above with CPB memory 320. Likewise, memory 120 may store instructions to be executed by video decoder 300, when some or all of the functionality of video decoder 300 is implemented in software to executed by processing circuitry of video decoder 300.

The various units shown in FIG. 4 are illustrated to assist with understanding the operations performed by video decoder 300. The units may be implemented as fixed-function circuits, programmable circuits, or a combination thereof. Similar to FIG. 3, fixed-function circuits refer to circuits that provide particular functionality, and are preset on the operations that can be performed. Programmable circuits refer to circuits that can programmed to perform various tasks, and provide flexible functionality in the operations that can be performed. For instance, programmable circuits may execute software or firmware that cause the programmable circuits to operate in the manner defined by instructions of the software or firmware. Fixed-function circuits may execute software instructions (e.g., to receive parameters or output parameters), but the types of operations that the fixed-function circuits perform are generally immutable. In some examples, the one or more of the units may be distinct circuit blocks (fixed-function or programmable), and in some examples, the one or more units may be integrated circuits.

Video decoder 300 may include ALUs, EFUs, digital circuits, analog circuits, and/or programmable cores formed from programmable circuits. In examples where the operations of video decoder 300 are performed by software executing on the programmable circuits, on-chip or off-chip memory may store instructions (e.g., object code) of the software that video decoder 300 receives and executes.

Entropy decoding unit 302 may receive encoded video data from the CPB and entropy decode the video data to reproduce syntax elements. Prediction processing unit 304, inverse quantization unit 306, inverse transform processing unit 308, reconstruction unit 310, and filter unit 312 may generate decoded video data based on the syntax elements extracted from the bitstream.

In general, video decoder 300 reconstructs a picture on a block-by-block basis. Video decoder 300 may perform a reconstruction operation on each block individually (where the block currently being reconstructed, i.e., decoded, may be referred to as a “current block”).

Entropy decoding unit 302 may entropy decode syntax elements defining quantized transform coefficients of a quantized transform coefficient block, as well as transform information, such as a quantization parameter (QP) and/or transform mode indication(s). Inverse quantization unit 306 may use the QP associated with the quantized transform coefficient block to determine a degree of quantization and, likewise, a degree of inverse quantization for inverse quantization unit 306 to apply. Inverse quantization unit 306 may, for example, perform a bitwise left-shift operation to inverse quantize the quantized transform coefficients. Inverse quantization unit 306 may thereby form a transform coefficient block including transform coefficients.

After inverse quantization unit 306 forms the transform coefficient block, inverse transform processing unit 308 may apply one or more inverse transforms to the transform coefficient block to generate a residual block associated with the current block. For example, inverse transform processing unit 308 may apply an inverse DCT, an inverse integer transform, an inverse Karhunen-Loeve transform (KLT), an inverse rotational transform, an inverse directional transform, or another inverse transform to the coefficient block.

Furthermore, prediction processing unit 304 generates a prediction block according to prediction information syntax elements that were entropy decoded by entropy decoding unit 302. For example, if the prediction information syntax elements indicate that the current block is inter-predicted, motion compensation unit 316 may generate the prediction block. In this case, the prediction information syntax elements may indicate a reference picture in DPB 314 from which to retrieve a reference block, as well as a motion vector identifying a location of the reference block in the reference picture relative to the location of the current block in the current picture. Motion compensation unit 316 may generally perform the inter-prediction process in a manner that is substantially similar to that described with respect to motion compensation unit 224 (FIG. 3).

As another example, if the prediction information syntax elements indicate that the current block is intra-predicted, intra-prediction unit 318 may generate the prediction block according to an intra-prediction mode indicated by the prediction information syntax elements. Again, intra-prediction unit 318 may generally perform the intra-prediction process in a manner that is substantially similar to that described with respect to intra-prediction unit 226 (FIG. 3). Intra-prediction unit 318 may retrieve data of neighboring samples to the current block from DPB 314.

Reconstruction unit 310 may reconstruct the current block using the prediction block and the residual block. For example, reconstruction unit 310 may add samples of the residual block to corresponding samples of the prediction block to reconstruct the current block.

Filter unit 312 may perform one or more filter operations on reconstructed blocks. For example, filter unit 312 may perform deblocking operations to reduce blockiness artifacts along edges of the reconstructed blocks. Operations of filter unit 312 are not necessarily performed in all examples.

Video decoder 300 may store the reconstructed blocks in DPB 314. As discussed above, DPB 314 may provide reference information, such as samples of a current picture for intra-prediction and previously decoded pictures for subsequent motion compensation, to prediction processing unit 304. Moreover, video decoder 300 may output decoded pictures from DPB for subsequent presentation on a display device, such as display device 118 of FIG. 1.

In this manner, video decoder 300 represents an example of a video decoding device including a memory configured to store video data, and one or more processing units implemented in circuitry and configured to determine that a block if video data is coded using an intra prediction mode. Video decoder 300 may also be configured to filter a sample of a block of video data to determine a filtered value. Video decoder 300 may further be configured to determine that the filtered value comprises an out-of-range value. In response to determining that the filtered value comprises the out-of-range value, video decoder 300 may also be configured to perform a clipping operation on the out-of-range value.

In some instances, in determining that the filtered value comprises the out-of-range value, video decoder 300 may be configured to determine that the filtered value is less than 0. Further, in performing the clipping operation on the out-of-range value, video decoder 300 may be configured to set the filtered value to 0.

In some instances, in determining that the filtered value comprises the out-of-range value, video decoder 300 may be configured to determine that the filtered value is greater than a maximum value. Further, in performing the clipping operation on the out-of-range value, video decoder 300 may be configured to set the filtered value to the maximum value.

In some instances, video decoder 300 may be further configured to determine that the block of video data is coded using multiple reference lines for the intra prediction mode. Further, video decoder 300 may be configured to perform the clipping operation for a filtered sample from each line of the multiple reference lines.

In some instances, in filtering the sample, video decoder 300 may be configured to perform cubic filtering on the sample.

In accordance with the techniques of this disclosure, video decoder 300 may be configured to determine that a block of video data is coded using an intra prediction mode with PDPC and predict the block of video data using unfiltered reference samples as PDPC-reference samples.

In accordance with the techniques of this disclosure, video decoder 300 may be configured to determine that a block of video data is coded using an intra prediction mode with PDPC. Video decoder 300 may be configured to, in response to the intra prediction mode being a particular intra prediction mode, filter reference samples and predict the block of video data using the filtered reference samples as PDPC-reference samples.

In some instances, the reference samples may be a sample from a line of samples to the left of the block and a sample from a line of samples above the block. In some instances, the intra prediction mode being the particular intra prediction mode may include the intra prediction mode being a planar mode. In some instances, the intra prediction mode being the particular intra prediction mode may include the intra prediction mode belonging to a subset of intra prediction modes, where the subset is fewer than all intra prediction modes supported for the video data.

In accordance with the techniques of this disclosure, video decoder 300 may be configured to determine that a block of video data is coded using an intra prediction mode with PDPC. Video decoder 300 may be configured to further determine whether to filter reference samples based on one or more criteria. In response to determining to filter the reference samples, video decoder 300 may be configured to predict the block of video data using filtered reference samples as PDPC-reference samples.

In some instances, the one or more criteria includes a size of the block, a tree structure for the block, a distance from a block boundary, the block being more than a certain width, the block being more than a certain height, or any combination or permutation thereof.

In accordance with the techniques of this disclosure, video decoder 300 may be configured to determine that a block of video data is coded using an intra prediction mode with PDPC. Video decoder 300 may also be configured to apply a first filter to obtain PDPC-reference samples and apply a second filter to obtain reference samples for prediction, wherein the first filter is a different filter than the second filter.

In some instances, in addition to the techniques described above, video decoder 300 may receive the video data at a receiver of a wireless communication device, store the video data in a memory of the wireless communication device, and process the video data on one or more processors of the wireless communication device. In some examples, the wireless communication device is a telephone handset and receiving the video data may include demodulating, according to a wireless communication standard, a signal comprising the video data.

Video coding standards include ITU-T H.261, ISO/IEC MPEG-1 Visual, ITU-T H.262 or ISO/IEC MPEG-2 Visual, ITU-T H.263, ISO/IEC MPEG-4 Visual, ITU-T H.264 (also known as ISO/IEC MPEG-4 AVC), including ‘its Scalable Video Coding (SVC) and Multiview Video Coding (MVC) extensions and ITU-T H.265 (also known as ISO/IEC MPEG-4 HEVC) with its extensions. During the April 2018 meeting of the Joint Video Experts Team (JVET), the Versatile Video Coding standardization activity (also known as ITU-T H.266) was kicked off with the evaluation of the video compression technologies submitted to the Call for Proposals. Video encoder 200 and video decoder 300 may operate in accordance with a H.266 video coding standard, or another codec.

If coding video according to HEVC, then video encoder 200 and video decoder 300 are configured to potentially filter the neighboring reference samples, before intra prediction, using a 2-tap linear or 3-tap (1,2,1)/4 filter. This process is known as intra reference smoothing, or mode-dependent intra smoothing (MDIS). In MDIS, given the intra prediction mode index predModeIntra and block size nTbS, a video coder (e.g., a video encoder or video decoder) decides whether the reference smoothing process is to be performed and, if so, which smoothing filter is used. The following text is the related text from the HEVC specification:

8.4.4.2.3 Filtering Process of Neighbouring Samples

Inputs to this process are:

-   -   the neighbouring samples p[x][y], with x=−1, y=−1 . . . nTbS*2−1         and x=0 . . . nTbS*2−1, y=−1,     -   a variable nTbS specifying the transform block size.

Outputs of this process are the filtered samples pF[x][y], with x=−1, y=−1 . . . nTbS*2−1 and x=0 . . . nTbS*2−1, y=−1.

The variable filterFlag is derived as follows:

-   -   If one or more of the following conditions are true, filterFlag         is set equal to 0:         -   predModeIntra is equal to INTRA_DC.         -   nTbS is equal 4.     -   Otherwise, the following applies:         -   The variable minDistVerHor is set equal to             Min(Abs(predModeIntra−26), Abs(predModeIntra−10)).         -   The variable intraHorVerDistThres[nTbS] is specified in             Table 8-3.         -   The variable filterFlag is derived as follows:             -   If minDistVerHor is greater than                 intraHorVerDistThres[nTbS], filterFlag is set equal to                 1.         -   Otherwise, filterFlag is set equal to 0.

TABLE 8-3 Specification of intraHorVerDistThres[nTbS] for various transform block sizes nTbS = 8 nTbS = 16 nTbS = 32 intraHorVerDistThres[nTbS] 7 1 0

When filterFlag is equal to 1, the following applies:

-   -   The variable biIntFlag is derived as follows:         -   If all of the following conditions are true, biIntFlag is             set equal to 1:             -   strong intra smoothing enabled flag is equal to 1             -   nTbS is equal to 32             -   Abs(p[−1][−1]+p[nTbS*2−1][−1]−2*p[nTbS−1][−1])<(1<<(BitDepthY−5))             -   Abs(p[−1][−1]+p[−1][nTbS*2−1]−2*p[−1][nTbS−1])<(1<<(BitDepthY−5))         -   Otherwise, biIntFlag is set equal to 0.     -   The filtering is performed as follows:         -   If biIntFlag is equal to 1, the filtered sample values             pF[x][y] with x=−1, y=−1 . . . 63 and x=0 . . . 63, y=−1 are             derived as follows:             pF[−1][−1]=p[−1][−1]  (8-30)             pF[−1][y]=((63−y)*p[−1][−1]+(y+1)*p[−1][63]+32)>>6 for y=0 .             . . 62  (8-31)             pF[−1][63]=p[−1][63]  (8-32)             pF[x][−1]=((63−x)*p[−1][−1]+(x+1)*p[63][−1]+32)>>6 for x=0 .             . . 62  (8-33)             pF[63][−1]=p[63][−1]  (8-34)         -   Otherwise (biIntFlag is equal to 0), the filtered sample             values pF[x][y] with x=−1, y=−1 . . . nTbS*2−1 and x=0 . . .             nTbS*2−1, y=−1 are derived as follows:             pF[−1][−1]=(p[−1][0]+2*p[−1][−1]+p[0][−1]+2)>>2  (8-35)             pF[−1][y]=(p[−1][y+1]+2*p[−1][y]+p[−1][y−1]+2)>>2 for y=0 .             . . nTbS*2−2  (8-36)             pF[−1][nTbS*2−1]=p[−1][nTbS*2−1]  (8-37)             pF[x][−1]=(p[x−1][−1]+2*p[x][−1]+p[x+1][−1]+2)>>2 for x=0 .             . . nTbS*2−2  (8-38)             pF[nTbS*2−1][−1]=p[nTbS*2−1][−1]  (8-39)

During the Joint Video Exploration Team (WET) activities, the JEM 7 was defined and the following version of the MDIS table was included for luma blocks:

sizeIndex Threshold[sizeIndex] 0 20 1 20 2 14 3 2 4 0 5 20 6 0

The block size index is defined as follows in JEM7: sizeIndex=(log 2(BlockWidth)−2+log 2(BlockHeight)−2)/2+2−1

Whether to apply the [1 2 1]/4 smoothing filter to the intra reference samples is determined as follows: IntraModeDiff=min(abs(IntraModeIdx−HOR_IDX), abs(IntraModeIdx−VER_IDX))

In the equation above, HOR_IDX=18 and VER_IDX=50 because JEM 7 has 65 directional intra modes (IntraModeIdx 2-66) in addition to planar (IntraModeIdx=0) and DC (IntraModeIdx=1) modes. The following condition determines whether to apply the smoothing filter: IF IntraModeDiff>Threshold[sizeIndex] THEN “apply smoothing filter”

In the Joint Video Experts Team (WET) and its VVC Test Model version 1 (VTM) and Benchmark Model version 1 (BMS 1) software, the following MDIS table is included:

sizeIndex Threshold[sizeIndex] 0 20 1 20 2 20 3 14 4 2 5 0 6 20 or 0 7 0

The block size index is defined as follows in VTM1 and BMS1: sizeIndex=(log 2(BlockWidth)+log 2(BlockHeight))/2

Video encoder 200 and video decoder 300 determine whether to apply the [1 2 1]/4 smoothing filter to the intra reference samples as follows: IntraModeDiff=min(abs(IntraModeIdx−HOR_IDX), abs(IntraModeIdx−VER_IDX))

In the equation above, HOR_IDX=18 and VER_IDX=50 because VTM1 and BMS1 have 65 directional intra modes (IntraModeIdx 2-66) in addition to planar (IntraModeIdx=0) and DC (IntraModeIdx=1) modes. IF IntraModeDiff>Threshold[sizeIndex] THEN “apply smoothing filter”

In HEVC, a two-tap linear interpolation filter is used to generate the intra prediction block in the directional prediction modes (i.e., excluding the planar and DC predictors). In JEM 7 (J. Chen, E. Alshina, G. J. Sullivan, J.-R. Ohm, J. Boyce, “Algorithm description of Joint Exploration Test Model 7,” 7th JVET Meeting, Torino, Italy, July 2017, JVET-G1001, hereinafter, “JEM 7”) and J. Chen, E. Alshina, “Algorithm description for Versatile Video Coding and Test Model 1 (VTM1),” 10^(th) JVET Meeting, San Diego, USA, April 2018, JVET-J1002, hereinafter, “BMS1” or VTM1), four-tap intra interpolation filters are used for directional intra prediction filtering. Two types of four-tap interpolation filters are used:

-   -   4-tap cubic interpolation filters for block width smaller than         or equal to 8 samples for vertical directional prediction modes         (IntraModeIdx>=DIA_IDX(=34))     -   4-tap cubic interpolation filters for block height smaller than         or equal to 8 samples for horizontal directional prediction         modes (IntraModeIdx<DIA_IDX(=34))     -   4-tap Gaussian interpolation filters for block width greater         than 8 samples for vertical directional prediction modes         (IntraModeIdx>=DIA_IDX(=34))     -   4-tap Gaussian interpolation filters for block height greater         than 8 samples for horizontal directional prediction modes         (IntraModeIdx<DIA_IDX(=34))

The following 4-tap cubic (32-phase) interpolation filter is employed in JEM7 and BMS1:

intraCubic4TapFilter32[32][4] = {  { 0, 256, 0, 0 }, // 0 Integer-Pel  { −3, 252, 8, −1 }, // 1  { −5, 247, 17, −3 }, // 2  { −7, 242, 25, −4 }, // 3  { −9, 236, 34, −5 }, // 4  { −10, 230, 43, −7 }, // 5  { −12, 224, 52, −8 }, // 6  { −13, 217, 61, −9 }, // 7  { −14, 210, 70, −10 }, // 8  { −15, 203, 79, −11 }, // 9  { −16, 195, 89, −12 }, // 10  { −16, 187, 98, −13 }, // 11  { −16, 179, 107, −14 }, // 12  { −16, 170, 116, −14 }, // 13  { −17, 162, 126, −15 }, // 14  { −16, 153, 135, −16 }, // 15  { −16, 144, 144, −16 }, // 16 Half-Pel  { −16, 135, 153, −16 }, // 17  { −15, 126, 162, −17 }, // 18  { −14, 116, 170, −16 }, // 19  { −14, 107, 179, −16 }, // 20  { −13, 98, 187, −16 }, // 21  { −12, 89, 195, −16 }, // 22  { −11, 79, 203, −15 }, // 23  { −10, 70, 210, −14 }, // 24  { −9, 61, 217, −13 }, // 25  { −8, 52, 224, −12 }, // 26  { −7, 43, 230, −10 }, // 27  { −5, 34, 236, −9 }, // 28  { −4, 25, 242, −7 }, // 29  { −3, 17, 247, −5 }, // 30  { −1, 8, 252, −3 }, // 31 };

The following 4-tap Gaussian filter (32-phase) is employed in JEM7 and BMS1:

intraGauss4TapFilter32[32][4] = {  { 47, 161, 47, 1 }, // 0 Integer-Pel  { 43, 161, 51, 1 }, // 1  { 40, 160, 54, 2 }, // 2  { 37, 159, 58, 2 }, // 3  { 34, 158, 62, 2 }, // 4  { 31, 156, 67, 2 }, // 5  { 28, 154, 71, 3 }, // 6  { 26, 151, 76, 3 }, // 7  { 23, 149, 80, 4 }, // 8  { 21, 146, 85, 4 }, // 9  { 19, 142, 90, 5 }, // 10  { 17, 139, 94, 6 }, // 11  { 16, 135, 99, 6 }, // 12  { 14, 131, 104, 7 }, // 13  { 13, 127, 108, 8 }, // 14  { 11, 123, 113, 9 }, // 15  { 10, 118, 118, 10 }, // 16 Half-Pel  { 9, 113, 123, 11 }, // 17  { 8, 108, 127, 13 }, // 18  { 7, 104, 131, 14 }, // 19  { 6, 99, 135, 16 }, // 20  { 6, 94, 139, 17 }, // 21  { 5, 90, 142, 19 }, // 22  { 4, 85, 146, 21 }, // 23  { 4, 80, 149, 23 }, // 24  { 3, 76, 151, 26 }, // 25  { 3, 71, 154, 28 }, // 26  { 2, 67, 156, 31 }, // 27  { 2, 62, 158, 34 }, // 28  { 2, 58, 159, 37 }, // 29  { 2, 54, 160, 40 }, // 30  { 1, 51, 161, 43 }, // 31 };

The Gaussian interpolation filter can be derived with the following example Matlab code. In this example, the smoothing strength sigma is set to 0.9:

for i=0:16  for c=0:3   filterGaussian(i+1,c+1) = exp(−((c−1−i/32)/sigma){circumflex over ( )}2);  end end

In another example, the following 6-tap interpolation filter (64-phase) can be used instead of 4-tap:

intraCubic6TapFilter64[64][6] = {  { 0, 0, 256, 0, 0, 0, }, // 0  { 0, −2, 255, 4, −1, 0, }, // 1  { 0, −4, 254, 8, −2, 0, }, // 2  { 1, −6, 252, 12, −3, 0, }, // 3  { 1, −7, 249, 16, −4, 1, }, // 4  { 1, −9, 247, 21, −5, 1, }, // 5  { 1, −11, 245, 26, −6, 1, }, // 6  { 1, −12, 243, 30, −7, 1, }, // 7  { 1, −13, 241, 34, −8, 1, }, // 8  { 2, −15, 238, 39, −9, 1, }, // 9  { 2, −16, 235, 44, −10, 1, }, // 10  { 2, −17, 232, 49, −11, 1, }, // 11  { 2, −18, 229, 53, −12, 2, }, // 12  { 2, −19, 226, 58, −13, 2, }, // 13  { 2, −20, 223, 63, −14, 2, }, // 14  { 2, −21, 220, 67, −14, 2, }, // 15  { 2, −22, 217, 72, −15, 2, }, // 16  { 2, −22, 213, 77, −16, 2, }, // 17  { 3, −23, 209, 82, −17, 2, }, // 18  { 3, −24, 206, 87, −18, 2, }, // 19  { 3, −24, 202, 92, −19, 2, }, // 20  { 3, −24, 198, 97, −20, 2, }, // 21  { 3, −25, 194, 102, −21, 3, }, // 22  { 3, −25, 190, 106, −21, 3, }, // 23  { 3, −25, 186, 111, −22, 3, }, // 24  { 3, −25, 181, 116, −22, 3, }, // 25  { 3, −25, 177, 121, −23, 3, }, // 26  { 3, −26, 173, 126, −23, 3, }, // 27  { 3, −26, 169, 131, −24, 3, }, // 28  { 3, −26, 164, 136, −24, 3, }, // 29  { 3, −25, 159, 140, −24, 3, }, // 30  { 3, −25, 155, 145, −25, 3, }, // 31  { 3, −25, 150, 150, −25, 3, }, // 32  { 3, −25, 145, 155, −25, 3, }, // 33  { 3, −24, 140, 159, −25, 3, }, // 34  { 3, −24, 136, 164, −26, 3, }, // 35  { 3, −24, 131, 169, −26, 3, }, // 36  { 3, −23, 126, 173, −26, 3, }, // 37  { 3, −23, 121, 177, −25, 3, }, // 38  { 3, −22, 116, 181, −25, 3, }, // 39  { 3, −22, 111, 186, −25, 3, }, // 40  { 3, −21, 106, 190, −25, 3, }, // 41  { 3, −21, 102, 194, −25, 3, }, // 42  { 2, −20, 97, 198, −24, 3, }, // 43  { 2, −19, 92, 202, −24, 3, }, // 44  { 2, −18, 87, 206, −24, 3, }, // 45  { 2, −17, 82, 209, −23, 3, }, // 46  { 2, −16, 77, 213, −22, 2, }, // 47  { 2, −15, 72, 217, −22, 2, }, // 48  { 2, −14, 67, 220, −21, 2, }, // 49  { 2, −14, 63, 223, −20, 2, }, // 50  { 2, −13, 58, 226, −19, 2, }, // 51  { 2, −12, 53, 229, −18, 2, }, // 52  { 1, −11, 49, 232, −17, 2, }, // 53  { 1, −10, 44, 235, −16, 2, }, // 54  { 1, −9, 39, 238, −15, 2, }, // 55  { 1, −8, 34, 241, −13, 1, }, // 56  { 1, −7, 30, 243, −12, 1, }, // 57  { 1, −6, 26, 245, −11, 1, }, // 58  { 1, −5, 21, 247, −9, 1, }, // 59  { 1, −4, 16, 249, −7, 1, }, // 60  { 0, −3, 12, 252, −6, 1, }, // 61  { 0, −2, 8, 254, −4, 0, }, // 62  { 0, −1, 4, 255, −2, 0, }, // 63 };

In another example, the following 6-tap cubic interpolation filter can be used (32-phase):

intraCubic6TapFilter32[32][6] = {  { 0, 0, 256, 0, 0, 0 }, // 0  { 0, −4, 253, 9, −2, 0 }, // 1  { 1, −7, 249, 17, −4, 0 }, // 2  { 1, −10, 245, 25, −6, 1 }, // 3  { 1, −13, 241, 34, −8, 1 }, // 4  { 2, −16, 235, 44, −10, 1 }, // 5  { 2, −18, 229, 53, −12, 2 }, // 6  { 2, −20, 223, 63, −14, 2 }, // 7  { 2, −22, 217, 72, −15, 2 }, // 8  { 3, −23, 209, 82, −17, 2 }, // 9  { 3, −24, 202, 92, −19, 2 }, // 10  { 3, −25, 194, 101, −20, 3 }, // 11  { 3, −25, 185, 111, −21, 3 }, // 12  { 3, −26, 178, 121, −23, 3 }, // 13  { 3, −25, 168, 131, −24, 3 }, // 14  { 3, −25, 159, 141, −25, 3 }, // 15  { 3, −25, 150, 150, −25, 3 }, // 16  { 3, −25, 141, 159, −25, 3 }, // 17  { 3, −24, 131, 168, −25, 3 }, // 18  { 3, −23, 121, 178, −26, 3 }, // 19  { 3, −21, 111, 185, −25, 3 }, // 20  { 3, −20, 101, 194, −25, 3 }, // 21  { 2, −19, 92, 202, −24, 3 }, // 22  { 2, −17, 82, 209, −23, 3 }, // 23  { 2, −15, 72, 217, −22, 2 }, // 24  { 2, −14, 63, 223, −20, 2 }, // 25  { 2, −12, 53, 229, −18, 2 }, // 26  { 1, −10, 44, 235, −16, 2 }, // 27  { 1, −8, 34, 241, −13, 1 }, // 28  { 1, −6, 25, 245, −10, 1 }, // 29  { 0, −4, 17, 249, −7, 1 }, // 30  { 0, −2, 9, 253, −4, 0 }, // 31 };

FIGS. 5A and 5B are conceptual diagrams illustrating intra prediction concepts using multiple reference lines and PDPC, in accordance with the techniques of this disclosure. FIG. 5A shows an example where the intra prediction angle is represented by either line 154 or 156. In such an instance, the PDPC sample is on the other side of the intra prediction angle. That is, if the intra direction mode is line 156, then line 154 represents the PDPC samples, and vice versa. In other examples, the PDPC reference samples may be represented by line 152 (in addition to the other sample), depending on the mode and the specific implementation of PDPC used.

Some implementations of PDPC use three samples: top, left and top-left. FIGS. 5A and 5B show examples of what those three samples may be. FIG. 5A shows the three samples used for PDPC when the intra prediction direction is one of line 154 or 156. FIG. 5B, shows the three samples used for PDPC when the intra prediction mode is horizontal (line 166) or vertical (line 164) or planar or DC.

According to an example technique of this disclosure, video encoder 200 and video decoder 300 may utilize MRL to combine pixels, potentially interpolated, from two or more lines (e.g., weighted average, or non-linear combination) to obtain a prediction of the intra block samples corresponding with an intra prediction mode (e.g., DC, planar, HOR/VER, directional) or to obtain a reference line which is then used for prediction of the samples.

According to another example technique of this disclosure, video encoder 200 and video decoder 300 may utilize MRL to select one or multiple of the lines from the neighborhood as reference line(s) for the prediction and potentially signal the selection in the bitstream to inform the decoder or deriving the selection from available data such as the intra prediction mode.

The cubic interpolation filter described above contains negative tap coefficients, which may lead to out-of-range values. When MRL is used, a cubic filter may be applied to more than one line and the reference sample may be obtained by combining (e.g. weighted average) the filtered samples from each line. In such cases, performing a clipping operation after combining the samples may result in amplifying errors that may occur due to out-of-range values.

Further, PDPC uses the samples from the top reference line and the left reference line (referred to as PDPC-reference samples henceforth) and uses a weighted average with the directional/DC/PL-predicted samples to obtain a more efficient intra prediction block. The sample from the top reference line or the left reference line (the reference line may be averaged or may be obtained from one of several candidate lines) may or may not be filtered. Under MDIS filtering conditions (e.g. for certain modes), in some cases PDPC-reference samples may be filtered using the [1 2 1] filter; in other cases no filtering may be applied. This results in inferior coding efficiency performance.

In accordance with the techniques of this disclosure, video encoder 200 and video decoder 300 may be configured to perform a clipping operation for a filtered sample value that is obtained by using the cubic filter. When MRL is used, the clipping operation may be performed for the filtered sample from each line. The clipped samples may be combined or used as such for generating the reference samples. For example, for a 10-bit video content, or content (e.g. 8-bit) that is being processed by a codec that has internal processing of samples at 10 bits, the clipping operation of a sample x, where x is obtained by applying the cubic filter on one or more reconstructed samples, is performed as follows:

if x < 0    x = 0 else if x > 1023    x = 1023 else { } // x is not changed

It is to be understood that the above techniques also apply for other types of clipping operations, and also when the reconstructed samples are processed before applying the cubic filter. The invention also applies to cases where filters other than a cubic filter may be used, which may lead to out-of-range filtered sample values.

When using multiple reference lines, video encoder 200 and video decoder 300 may be configured to use unfiltered reference samples as the PDPC-reference samples. In one example, video encoder 200 and video decoder 300 may be configured to obtain PDPC-reference samples by filtering only for the Planar mode. In other examples, video encoder 200 and video decoder 300 may be configured to identify a subset of the modes and obtain PDPC-reference samples by filtering only for the chosen modes. For example, video encoder 200 and video decoder 300 may be configured to perform filter only for Planar mode and modes whose ID values are within a certain offset from the diagonal modes (e.g., 2 and DIA).

In some examples, the choice of filter used to obtain the PDPC-reference samples may be different from the filters used to obtain the reference samples for prediction. This filter may be fixed or may be signaled in the bitstream to the decoder. For example, video encoder 200 and video decoder 300 may be configured to obtain the PDPC reference samples by applying a longer tap filter or using a bilateral filter. In other examples, video encoder 200 and video decoder 300 may be configured to use a filter with coefficients [1 2 1]/4 for filtering reference samples for intra prediction and use a longer filter with coefficients [1 2 2 2 1]/8 for PDPC reference samples.

In some examples, the applicability of filtering may further depend on the block size, tree structure, distance from the picture of block boundary, etc. For instance, video encoder 200 and video decoder 300 may be configured to only apply the filtering for blocks that are more than a certain width and/or height as filtering on small blocks may result in loss of detail.

According to the techniques of this disclosure, video encoder 200 or video decoder 300 may be configured to perform intra prediction with PDPC as follows. For a sample at a position, video encoder 200 or video decoder 300 may be configured to derive the intra prediction mode using reference samples. For each position, (and the mode used for prediction), video encoder 200 and video decoder 300 may be configured to determine locations for PDPC reference samples, with the positions for the reference samples being based on the intra prediction mode and reference line. If the location is an integer position, then no interpolation is required, but for other positions, video encoder 200 and video decoder 300 may perform interpolation. For the interpolation, video encoder 200 and video decoder 300 may use filtered or unfiltered reference samples. Thus, the reference samples used for regular prediction may be either filtered or unfiltered, and the reference samples used for PDPC may also be unfiltered or filtered, in a manner that is disassociated from the filtering or not filtering of the reference samples used for regular prediction.

FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating an example process for encoding a current block. The current block may comprise a current CU. Although described with respect to video encoder 200 (FIGS. 1 and 2), it should be understood that other devices may be configured to perform a method similar to that of FIG. 6.

In this example, video encoder 200 initially predicts the current block (350). For example, video encoder 200 may form a prediction block for the current block. Video encoder 200 may then calculate a residual block for the current block (352). To calculate the residual block, video encoder 200 may calculate a difference between the original, uncoded block and the prediction block for the current block. Video encoder 200 may then transform and quantize coefficients of the residual block (354). Next, video encoder 200 may scan the quantized transform coefficients of the residual block (356). During the scan, or following the scan, video encoder 200 may entropy encode the coefficients (358). For example, video encoder 200 may encode the coefficients using CAVLC or CABAC. Video encoder 200 may then output the entropy coded data of the block (360).

FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating an example process for decoding a current block of video data. The current block may comprise a current CU. Although described with respect to video decoder 300 (FIGS. 1 and 3), it should be understood that other devices may be configured to perform a method similar to that of FIG. 7.

Video decoder 300 may receive entropy coded data for the current block, such as entropy coded prediction information and entropy coded data for coefficients of a residual block corresponding to the current block (370). Video decoder 300 may entropy decode the entropy coded data to determine prediction information for the current block and to reproduce coefficients of the residual block (372). Video decoder 300 may predict the current block (374), e.g., using an intra- or inter-prediction mode as indicated by the prediction information for the current block, to calculate a prediction block for the current block. Video decoder 300 may then inverse scan the reproduced coefficients (376), to create a block of quantized transform coefficients. Video decoder 300 may then inverse quantize and inverse transform the coefficients to produce a residual block (378). Video decoder 300 may ultimately decode the current block by combining the prediction block and the residual block (380).

FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating an example process for decoding a current block of video data. The techniques of FIG. 8 will be described with reference to a generic video decoder, which may, for example, be a device such as video decoder 300. The generic video decoder, however, may also correspond to the decoding loop of video encoder 200. As part of encoding video data, a video encoder also decodes the video data in order to maintain the same decoded picture buffer maintained by a video decoder and as part of making decisions regarding how to encode the video data, such as prediction mode decisions and decisions related to what coding tools to enable or disable.

The video decoder determines that a block of video data is coded using an intra prediction mode with PDPC (390). In response to the intra prediction mode being a particular intra prediction mode, the video decoder applies a first filter to a first sample in a first reference line to obtain a first PDPC reference sample value (392). In response to the intra prediction mode being the particular intra prediction mode, the video decoder applies a second filter to a second sample in a second reference line to obtain a second PDPC reference sample value (394).

In some examples, the particular intra prediction mode may be the planar mode, while in other example, the particular intra prediction mode may be an intra prediction mode that belongs to a subset of intra prediction modes that includes fewer than all intra prediction modes supported for the video data.

The first reference line may, for example, be a line of samples to the left of the block, and the second reference line may be a line of samples above the block. The first reference line may be a line of samples to the left of the block that is not adjacent to the block, and the second reference line may be a line of samples above the block that is not adjacent to the block. The video decoder may determine the first PDPC reference sample value from multiple reference lines above the block, and additionally or alternatively, determine the second PDPC reference sample value from multiple reference lines to the left of the block.

The video decoder determines a predicted reference sample value based on the intra prediction mode (396). The predicted reference sample value may be a value for an unfiltered reference sample. The video decoder predicts a sample of the block of video data based on the predicted reference sample value, the first PDPC reference sample value, and the second PDPC reference sample value (398). To predict the sample of the block of video data based on the predicted sample value, the first PDPC reference sample value, and the second PDPC reference sample value, the video decoder may be configured to set a value for the sample of the block to a weighted average of the predicted reference sample value, the first PDPC reference sample value, and the second PDPC reference sample.

The video decoder may output a predictive block of video data that includes the predicted sample. As described elsewhere in this disclosure, that predictive block may be combined with other predictive blocks and residual blocks to form reconstructed blocks, and the reconstructed blocks may be filtered to generate decoded picture of video data. At a video encoder, the decoded pictures may be stored in a coded picture buffer and used to predict blocks for subsequent picture of video data. At a video decoder, the decoded pictures may be stored in a decoded picture buffer and used to predict blocks for subsequent picture of video data and may also be output for display.

It is to be recognized that depending on the example, certain acts or events of any of the techniques described herein can be performed in a different sequence, may be added, merged, or left out altogether (e.g., not all described acts or events are necessary for the practice of the techniques). Moreover, in certain examples, acts or events may be performed concurrently, e.g., through multi-threaded processing, interrupt processing, or multiple processors, rather than sequentially.

In one or more examples, the functions described may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software, the functions may be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium and executed by a hardware-based processing unit. Computer-readable media may include computer-readable storage media, which corresponds to a tangible medium such as data storage media, or communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another, e.g., according to a communication protocol. In this manner, computer-readable media generally may correspond to (1) tangible computer-readable storage media which is non-transitory or (2) a communication medium such as a signal or carrier wave. Data storage media may be any available media that can be accessed by one or more computers or one or more processors to retrieve instructions, code and/or data structures for implementation of the techniques described in this disclosure. A computer program product may include a computer-readable medium.

By way of example, and not limitation, such computer-readable storage media can comprise RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage, or other magnetic storage devices, flash memory, or any other medium that can be used to store desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed by a computer. Also, any connection is properly termed a computer-readable medium. For example, if instructions are transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using a coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL), or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave, then the coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included in the definition of medium. It should be understood, however, that computer-readable storage media and data storage media do not include connections, carrier waves, signals, or other transitory media, but are instead directed to non-transitory, tangible storage media. Disk and disc, as used herein, includes compact disc (CD), laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD), floppy disk and Blu-ray disc, where disks usually reproduce data magnetically, while discs reproduce data optically with lasers. Combinations of the above should also be included within the scope of computer-readable media.

Instructions may be executed by one or more processors, such as one or more DSPs, general purpose microprocessors, application specific integrated circuits ASICs, FPGAs, or other equivalent integrated or discrete logic circuitry. Accordingly, the term “processor,” as used herein may refer to any of the foregoing structure or any other structure suitable for implementation of the techniques described herein. In addition, in some aspects, the functionality described herein may be provided within dedicated hardware and/or software modules configured for encoding and decoding, or incorporated in a combined codec. Also, the techniques could be fully implemented in one or more circuits or logic elements.

The techniques of this disclosure may be implemented in a wide variety of devices or apparatuses, including a wireless handset, an integrated circuit (IC) or a set of ICs (e.g., a chip set). Various components, modules, or units are described in this disclosure to emphasize functional aspects of devices configured to perform the disclosed techniques, but do not necessarily require realization by different hardware units. Rather, as described above, various units may be combined in a codec hardware unit or provided by a collection of interoperative hardware units, including one or more processors as described above, in conjunction with suitable software and/or firmware.

Various examples have been described. These and other examples are within the scope of the following claims. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A method of decoding video data, the method comprising: determining that a block of video data in a picture is coded using an intra prediction mode with position dependent intra prediction combination (PDPC); in response to the intra prediction mode belonging to a subset of intra prediction modes, using a first unfiltered reference sample in a first reference line for the block as a first PDPC reference sample value for the block, wherein the subset comprises fewer than all intra prediction modes supported for the video data; in response to the intra prediction mode belonging to the subset of intra prediction modes, using a second unfiltered reference sample in a second reference line for the block as a second PDPC reference sample value for the block; determining a predicted reference sample value for the block based on the intra prediction mode; and predicting a sample of the block of video data based on the predicted reference sample value for the block, the first PDPC reference sample value for the block, and the second PDPC reference sample value for the block.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first reference line for the block comprises a line of samples to the left of the block and the second reference line for the block comprises a line of samples above the block.
 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the first reference line for the block comprises a line of samples to the left of the block that is not adjacent to the block and the second reference line for the block comprises a line of samples above the block that is not adjacent to the block.
 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising: determining the first PDPC reference sample value for the block from multiple reference lines above the block; and determining the second PDPC reference sample value for the block from multiple reference lines to the left of the block.
 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the intra prediction mode comprises a planar mode.
 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the intra prediction mode comprises an angular mode.
 7. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the predicted reference sample value for the block comprises copying a value of a reference sample.
 8. The method of claim 1, wherein predicting the sample of the block of video data based on the predicted reference sample value for the block, the first PDPC reference sample value for the block, and the second PDPC reference sample value for the block comprises setting a value for the sample of the block to a weighted average of the predicted reference sample value for the block, the first PDPC reference sample value for the block, and the second PDPC reference sample for the block.
 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is performed as part of a video encoding process.
 10. A device for decoding video data, the device comprising: a memory configured to store video data; and one or more processors implemented in circuitry and configured to: determine that a block of video data in a picture is coded using an intra prediction mode with position dependent intra prediction combination (PDPC); in response to the intra prediction mode belonging to a subset of intra prediction modes, use a first unfiltered reference sample in a first reference line for the block as a first PDPC reference sample value for the block, wherein the subset comprises fewer than all intra prediction modes supported for the video data; in response to the intra prediction mode belonging to the subset of intra prediction modes, use a second unfiltered reference sample in a second reference line for the block as a second PDPC reference sample value for the block; determine a predicted reference sample value for the block based on the intra prediction mode; and predict a sample of the block of video data based on the predicted reference sample value for the block, the first PDPC reference sample value for the block, and the second PDPC reference sample value for the block.
 11. The device of claim 10, wherein the first reference line for the block comprises a line of samples to the left of the block and the second reference line for the block comprises a line of samples above the block.
 12. The device of claim 10, wherein the first reference line for the block comprises a line of samples to the left of the block that is not adjacent to the block and the second reference line for the block comprises a line of samples above the block that is not adjacent to the block.
 13. The device of claim 10, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to: determine the first PDPC reference sample value for the block from multiple reference lines above the block; and determine the second PDPC reference sample value for the block from multiple reference lines to the left of the block.
 14. The device of claim 10, wherein the intra prediction mode comprises a planar mode.
 15. The device of claim 10, wherein the intra prediction mode comprises an angular mode.
 16. The device of claim 10, wherein to determine the predicted reference sample value for the block, the one or more processors are further configured to a value of a reference sample.
 17. The device of claim 10, wherein to predict the sample of the block of video data based on the predicted reference sample value for the block, the first PDPC reference sample value for the block, and the second PDPC reference sample value for the block, the one or more processors are configured to set a value for the sample of the block to a weighted average of the predicted reference sample value for the block, the first PDPC reference sample value for the block, and the second PDPC reference sample for the block.
 18. The device of claim 10, wherein the device comprises a wireless communication device, further comprising a transmitter configured to transmit encoded video data.
 19. The device of claim 18, wherein the wireless communication device comprises a telephone handset and wherein the transmitter is configured to modulate, according to a wireless communication standard, a signal comprising the encoded video data.
 20. The device of claim 10, wherein the device comprises a wireless communication device, further comprising a receiver configured to receive encoded video data.
 21. The device of claim 20, wherein the wireless communication device comprises a telephone handset and wherein the receiver is configured to demodulate, according to a wireless communication standard, a signal comprising the encoded video data.
 22. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions that when executed by one or more processors cause the one or more processors to: determine that a block of video data in a picture is coded using an intra prediction mode with position dependent intra prediction combination (PDPC); in response to the intra prediction mode belonging to a subset of intra prediction modes, use a first unfiltered reference sample in a first reference line for the block as a first PDPC reference sample value for the block, wherein the subset comprises fewer than all intra prediction modes supported for the video data; in response to the intra prediction mode belonging to the subset of intra prediction modes, use a second unfiltered reference sample in a second reference line for the block as a second PDPC reference sample value for the block; determine a predicted reference sample value for the block based on the intra prediction mode; and predict a sample of the block of video data based on the predicted reference sample value for the block, the first PDPC reference sample value for the block, and the second PDPC reference sample value for the block.
 23. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 22, wherein the first reference line for the block comprises a line of samples to the left of the block and the second reference line for the block comprises a line of samples above the block.
 24. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 22, wherein the first reference line for the block comprises a line of samples to the left of the block that is not adjacent to the block and the second reference line for the block comprises a line of samples above the block that is not adjacent to the block.
 25. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 22, storing further instructions that when executed by the one or more processors cause the one or more processors to: determine the first PDPC reference sample value for the block from multiple reference lines above the block; and determine the second PDPC reference sample value for the block from multiple reference lines to the left of the block.
 26. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 22, wherein the intra prediction mode comprises a planar mode.
 27. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 22, wherein the intra prediction mode comprises an angular mode.
 28. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 22, wherein to determine the predicted reference sample value for the block, the instructions cause the one or more processors to copy a value of a reference sample.
 29. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 22, wherein to predict the sample of the block of video data based on the predicted reference sample value for the block, the first PDPC reference sample value for the block, and the second PDPC reference sample value for the block, the instructions cause the one or more processors to set a value for the sample of the block to a weighted average of the predicted reference sample value for the block, the first PDPC reference sample value for the block, and the second PDPC reference sample for the block.
 30. An apparatus for decoding video data, the apparatus comprising: means for determining that a block of video data in a picture is coded using an intra prediction mode with position dependent intra prediction combination (PDPC); means for using a first unfiltered reference sample in a first reference line for the block as a first PDPC reference sample value for the block in response to the intra prediction mode belonging to a subset of intra prediction modes, wherein the subset comprises fewer than all intra prediction modes supported for the video data; means for using a second unfiltered reference sample in a second reference line for the block as a second PDPC reference sample value for the block in response to the intra prediction mode belonging to the subset of intra prediction modes; means for determining a predicted reference sample value for the block based on the intra prediction mode; and means for predicting a sample of the block of video data based on the predicted reference sample value for the block, the first PDPC reference sample value for the block, and the second PDPC reference sample value for the block.
 31. The method of claim 1, wherein the block of video data comprises a first block of video data, and the intra prediction mode comprises a first intra prediction mode, the method further comprising: determining that a second block of video data in the picture is coded using a second intra prediction mode with PDPC; in response to the second intra prediction mode not belonging to the subset of intra prediction modes, using a first filtered reference sample in a first reference line for the second block as a first PDPC reference sample value for the second block; in response to the second intra prediction mode not belonging to the subset of intra prediction modes, using a second filtered reference sample in a second reference line for the second block as a second PDPC reference sample value for the second block; determining a predicted reference sample value for the second block based on the second intra prediction mode; and predicting a sample of the second block of video data based on the predicted reference sample value for the second block, the first PDPC reference sample value for the second block, and the second PDPC reference sample value for the second block.
 32. The device of claim 10, wherein the block of video data comprises a first block of video data, and the intra prediction mode comprises a first intra prediction mode, and wherein the one or more processors are further configured to: determine that a second block of video data in the picture is coded using a second intra prediction mode with PDPC; in response to the second intra prediction mode not belonging to the subset of intra prediction modes, use a first filtered reference sample in a first reference line for the second block as a first PDPC reference sample value for the second block; in response to the second intra prediction mode not belonging to the subset of intra prediction modes, use a second filtered reference sample in a second reference line for the second block as a second PDPC reference sample value for the second block; determine a predicted reference sample value for the second block based on the second intra prediction mode; and predict a sample of the second block of video data based on the predicted reference sample value for the second block, the first PDPC reference sample value for the second block, and the second PDPC reference sample value for the second block.
 33. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 22, wherein the block of video data comprises a first block of video data, and the intra prediction mode comprises a first intra prediction mode, and wherein the computer-readable storage medium stores further instructions that when executed by the one or more processors cause the one or more processors to: determine that a second block of video data in the picture is coded using a second intra prediction mode with PDPC; in response to the second intra prediction mode not belonging to the subset of intra prediction modes, use a first filtered reference sample in a first reference line for the second block as a first PDPC reference sample value for the second block; in response to the second intra prediction mode not belonging to the subset of intra prediction modes, use a second filtered reference sample in a second reference line for the second block as a second PDPC reference sample value for the second block; determine a predicted reference sample value for the second block based on the second intra prediction mode; and predict a sample of the second block of video data based on the predicted reference sample value for the second block, the first PDPC reference sample value for the second block, and the second PDPC reference sample value for the second block. 